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The Seventeenth of Tammuz ((ヘブライ語:שבעה עשר בתמוז), ') is a Jewish fast day commemorating the breach of the walls of Jerusalem before the destruction of the Second Temple.〔(Minor Fasts )〕 It falls on the 17th day of the Hebrew month of Tammuz and marks the beginning of the three-week mourning period leading up to Tisha B'Av. This day also commemorates the destruction of the Twin Tablets of the Ten Commandments. The Seventeenth of Tammuz occurs forty days after the Jewish holiday of Shavuot. Moses ascended Mount Sinai on Shavuot and remained there for forty days. The Children of Israel made the Golden Calf on the afternoon of the sixteenth of Tammuz when it seemed that Moses was not coming down when promised. Moses descended the next day (forty days by his count), saw that the Israelites were violating many of the laws he had received from God, and smashed the tablets. ==Sources== The fast of Tammuz, according to Rabbi Akiva's interpretation, is the fast mentioned in the Book of Zechariah as "the fast of the fourth ()" ((Zechariah 8:19 )). This refers to Tammuz, which is the fourth month on the Hebrew calendar. This fast was originally on the ninth of Tammuz. After the destruction of the Second Temple, the fast was moved to the seventeenth. According to the Mishnah (''Taanit'' 4:6), five calamities befell the Jewish people on this day: #Moses broke the two tablets of stone on Mount Sinai; #The daily ''tamid'' offering ceased to be brought; #The walls of Jerusalem were breached (proceeding to the destruction of the Temple); #Prior to Bar Kokhba's revolt, Roman military leader Apostomus burned a Torah scroll; #An idol was erected in the Temple. The Babylonian Talmud (''Taanit'' 28b) places the second and fifth tragedies in the First Temple, while dating the third tragedy (breach of Jerusalem) to the Second Temple period. Jerusalem of the First Temple, on the other hand, was breached on the 9th of Tammuz (cf. Jeremiah 39.2, 52.6–7). However, the Jerusalem Talmud (''Taanit'' IV, 5) states that the breach of Jerusalem in the First Temple occurred on 17th Tammuz as well; the text in Jeremiah 39 is explained by stating that the Biblical record was "distorted", apparently due to the troubled times.〔The Roman Titus breached Jerusalem in the Second Temple period (Encyc. Judaica). Note that the Tosafot in (''Rosh Hashana'' 18b cite the Jerusalem Talmud as arguing with our (Babylonian) Talmud.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Seventeenth of Tammuz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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